Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into feature/regulations-kb-ext20

cmd/agent-system/main.go

@@ -48,9 +48,11 @@ func main() {
 			os.Exit(runCapabilities(os.Args[2:]))
 		case "env":
 			os.Exit(runEnv(os.Args[2:]))
+		case "migrate":
+			os.Exit(runMigrate(os.Args[2:]))
 		default:
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "agent-system: 未知子命令 %s\n", os.Args[1])
-			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "用法：agent-system <serve|version|identity|user|apikey|config|capabilities|env> [参数]")
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "用法：agent-system <serve|version|identity|user|apikey|config|capabilities|env|migrate> [参数]")
 			os.Exit(2)
 		}
 	}
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@ func main() {
 	pgIdleSec := fs.Int("pg-conn-max-idle-sec", 0, "PG 空闲连接回收秒数（0=默认 300）")
 	pgLifetimeSec := fs.Int("pg-conn-max-lifetime-sec", 0, "PG 连接最长生命周期秒数（0=不限）")
 	pgQueryTimeoutSec := fs.Int("pg-query-timeout-sec", 0, "PG statement_timeout 秒数（0=不限；覆盖全部业务查询）")
+	adoptGuard := fs.Bool("adopt-instance-guard", false, "数据库被替换或锁文件被重建后，显式重写 SQLite 活动服务守卫")
 	extension.RegisterCLIFlags(fs)
 	fs.Parse(os.Args[1:])
 	handled, hookErr := extension.RunCLIHooks(extension.Options{
@@ -91,6 +94,7 @@ func main() {
 		return
 	}
 	cliSet := visited(fs)
+	delete(cliSet, "adopt-instance-guard")
 
 	resolved, err := config.Load(*cfgFile, os.LookupEnv, config.Config{
 		Addr: *addr, DataDir: *data, PluginsDir: *pluginsDir, Mock: *mock,
@@ -141,7 +145,8 @@ func main() {
 		DisableConvCardMirror: extOpt.DisableConvCardMirror,
 		DisableExecTools:      extOpt.DisableExecTools, ExecBackend: extOpt.ExecBackend, ExecDepsDir: resolved.ExecDepsDir,
 		ExecWorkspace: resolved.ExecWorkspace, ExecEnvRoot: resolved.ExecEnvRoot,
-		Tier: resolved.Tier,
+		Tier:               resolved.Tier,
+		AdoptInstanceGuard: *adoptGuard,
 		PGPool: store.PoolOptions{
 			MaxOpenConn: resolved.PGMaxOpen, MaxIdleConn: resolved.PGMaxIdle,
 			ConnMaxIdleTimeSec: resolved.PGConnMaxIdleSec, ConnMaxLifetimeSec: resolved.PGConnMaxLifetimeSec,

cmd/agent-system/migrate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"agent-system-backend/internal/app"
+)
+
+func runMigrate(args []string) int {
+	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("migrate", flag.ExitOnError)
+	data := fs.String("data", "./data", "数据目录（SQLite 档）")
+	dsn := fs.String("dsn", "", "PostgreSQL DSN（空则读 AGENT_SYSTEM_DSN）")
+	adopt := fs.Bool("adopt-instance-guard", false, "数据库被替换或锁文件被重建后，显式重写守卫")
+	_ = fs.Parse(args)
+	storage := *dsn
+	if storage == "" {
+		storage = os.Getenv("AGENT_SYSTEM_DSN")
+	}
+	if err := app.Migrate(app.Options{
+		DataDir:            *data,
+		StorageDSN:         storage,
+		AdoptInstanceGuard: *adopt,
+	}); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "agent-system:", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+}

cmd/storage-migrate/main.go

@@ -300,6 +300,8 @@ var copyOrder = []string{
 	"recovery_proposals", "recovery_proposal_proofs",
 	// v35 分层 Python 环境（无外键；申请与会话绑定要随库迁走）
 	"exec_env_requests", "exec_env_bindings",
+	// U8：活动服务锁的库内标记（无外键；迁移须保留以免目标库丢掉锁根）
+	"instance_guard",
 }
 
 const controlDDL = `

internal/app/app.go

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"agent-native/runtime/telemetry"
 	agenttools "agent-native/runtime/tools"
 	nativeadp "agent-squad/adapters/native"
-	"agent-system-backend/internal/blobstore"
 	"agent-system-backend/internal/bus"
 	"agent-system-backend/internal/cardsvc"
 	"agent-system-backend/internal/cmdbus"
@@ -97,6 +96,8 @@ type Options struct {
 	Tier string
 	// PGPool PG 连接预算（KTD12；零值走默认）。仅 PG 档生效。
 	PGPool store.PoolOptions
+	// AdoptInstanceGuard 在数据库被替换或锁文件被重建后，显式重写守卫记录。
+	AdoptInstanceGuard bool
 }
 
 // instanceTag 稳定执行身份：tier=team 时强制 host:addr（多实例互异），
@@ -175,49 +176,11 @@ func Run(opt Options) error {
 	if opt.InsecureListen && !config.IsLoopbackListen(opt.Addr) && !resolved.AuthEnabled() {
 		log.Printf("warning: listening on %s without authentication because insecureListen is set", opt.Addr)
 	}
-	var st *store.Store
-	var err error
-	if opt.StorageDSN != "" {
-		artifacts := opt.ArtifactsDir
-		if artifacts == "" {
-			artifacts = filepath.Join(opt.DataDir, "artifacts")
-		}
-		// 共享工件（U5/KTD9）：配置了 S3 兼容对象存储时注入（多实例共享）；
-		// 未配置回落本地目录（单实例/共享卷）。凭据只经环境（不入库不入报告）。
-		blobs, berr := blobstore.NewS3FromEnv()
-		if berr != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("blobstore s3: %w", berr)
-		}
-		if blobs != nil {
-			log.Printf("artifacts: shared via S3-compatible object storage (prefix %q)", blobs.Prefix)
-		}
-		st, err = store.OpenPostgresWithOptions(opt.StorageDSN, artifacts, opt.PGPool, blobs)
-		if err != nil && opt.Tier == "team" {
-			// team 档拒绝就绪（R2）：PG 故障不回落 SQLite，错误必须明说。
-			return fmt.Errorf("team 档打开 PostgreSQL 失败，拒绝就绪（不回落 SQLite）: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		st, err = store.OpenSQLite(filepath.Join(opt.DataDir, "agent-system.db"))
-	}
+	st, releaseStore, err := openServiceStore(opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("open store: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer st.Close()
-	// U1 I3：svc 注入的服务实例身份（manifest.instance_id）与库内 marker 对齐；
-	// 未设置则跳过（兼容未接线旧调用方）。与 --instance（runs 进程标识）无关。
-	if sysID := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("AGENT_SYSTEM_INSTANCE_ID")); sysID != "" {
-		dbref := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("AGENT_SYSTEM_DBREF"))
-		if dbref == "" {
-			if opt.StorageDSN != "" {
-				dbref = "pg"
-			} else {
-				dbref = "sqlite"
-			}
-		}
-		if err := st.VerifySystemIdentity(sysID, dbref); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("system identity: %w", err)
-		}
+		return err
 	}
+	defer releaseStore()
 	pool := st.Pool()
 	if versions, verr := st.MigrationStatus(); verr == nil {
 		log.Printf("storage tier: %s (dialect=%s pool=%d/%d idleSec=%d lifetimeSec=%d schema=v%d)",

internal/app/guard_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package app
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"agent-system-backend/internal/instanceguard"
+	"agent-system-backend/internal/store"
+	core "agent-system-core"
+)
+
+func TestSecondProcessRejectedBeforeOpen(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("U8_APP_ROLE") == "hold" {
+		holdService(t)
+		return
+	}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	ready := filepath.Join(dir, "ready")
+	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestSecondProcessRejectedBeforeOpen")
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "U8_APP_ROLE=hold", "U8_APP_DIR="+dir, "U8_APP_READY="+ready)
+	cmd.Dir = t.TempDir()
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if cmd.Process != nil {
+			_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+			_, _ = cmd.Process.Wait()
+		}
+	})
+	waitReady(t, ready)
+	_, _, err := openServiceStore(Options{DataDir: dir, Addr: ":1"})
+	if !errors.Is(err, instanceguard.ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("second open: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := Migrate(Options{DataDir: dir}); !errors.Is(err, instanceguard.ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("migrate while held: %v", err)
+	}
+	cli, err := store.OpenExistingSQLite(filepath.Join(dir, "agent-system.db"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	run, err := cli.GetRunByID("run_u8_hold")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if run.Status != core.RunWaitingHITL {
+		t.Fatalf("run changed while second process was refused: %s", run.Status)
+	}
+	if _, err := cli.CreateProject("owner", "short"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("account-style write while service holds the guard: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := cli.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := cmd.Process.Kill(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	_, _ = cmd.Process.Wait()
+	st, release, err := openServiceStore(Options{DataDir: dir, Addr: ":2"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer release()
+	run, err = st.GetRunByID("run_u8_hold")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if run.Status != core.RunWaitingHITL {
+		t.Fatalf("restart reconciled a run the second process never opened: %s", run.Status)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCopiedBinaryStillSharesGuard(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("U8_APP_ROLE") == "copy-hold" {
+		holdService(t)
+		return
+	}
+	bin, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	copyPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "agent-system-test-copy")
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(bin)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(copyPath, raw, 0o700); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	ready := filepath.Join(dir, "ready")
+	cmd := exec.Command(copyPath, "-test.run=TestCopiedBinaryStillSharesGuard")
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "U8_APP_ROLE=copy-hold", "U8_APP_DIR="+dir, "U8_APP_READY="+ready)
+	cmd.Dir = t.TempDir()
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if cmd.Process != nil {
+			_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+			_, _ = cmd.Process.Wait()
+		}
+	})
+	waitReady(t, ready)
+	if _, _, err := openServiceStore(Options{DataDir: dir}); !errors.Is(err, instanceguard.ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("copied binary: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func holdService(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := os.Getenv("U8_APP_DIR")
+	st, _, err := openServiceStore(Options{DataDir: dir})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	run := &core.Run{
+		ID: "run_u8_hold", ConversationID: "c", ProjectID: "p", Owner: "o",
+		Kind: core.RunConversation, Status: core.RunWaitingHITL,
+	}
+	if err := st.CreateRun(run); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(os.Getenv("U8_APP_READY"), []byte("ready"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
+}
+
+func waitReady(t *testing.T, ready string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(20 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(ready); err == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatal("child did not become ready")
+}
+
+func TestAdoptDoesNotCreateMissingDatabase(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	_, release, err := openServiceStore(Options{DataDir: dir})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	release()
+	db := filepath.Join(dir, "agent-system.db")
+	if err := os.Remove(db); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	_, _, err = openServiceStore(Options{DataDir: dir, AdoptInstanceGuard: true})
+	if !errors.Is(err, instanceguard.ErrDBMissing) {
+		t.Fatalf("adopt missing: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(db); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("adopt created a database: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIdentityFailureDoesNotStick(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("AGENT_SYSTEM_INSTANCE_ID", "wrong")
+	if _, _, err := openServiceStore(Options{DataDir: dir}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("missing identity row was accepted")
+	}
+	t.Setenv("AGENT_SYSTEM_INSTANCE_ID", "")
+	st, err := store.OpenSQLite(filepath.Join(dir, "agent-system.db"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	marker, ok, err := st.LoadInstanceGuard()
+	if err != nil || ok || marker.InstanceID != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("failed start wrote a guard id: ok=%v id=%q err=%v", ok, marker.InstanceID, err)
+	}
+	if err := st.EnsureSystemIdentity("right", "sqlite"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := st.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("AGENT_SYSTEM_INSTANCE_ID", "right")
+	opened, release, err := openServiceStore(Options{DataDir: dir})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	release()
+	_ = opened
+}

internal/app/service_store.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"agent-system-backend/internal/blobstore"
+	"agent-system-backend/internal/instanceguard"
+	"agent-system-backend/internal/store"
+)
+
+// openServiceStore 打开活动服务使用的存储。
+// SQLite 档先取活动服务锁，再打开（打开即迁移），然后核对守卫标记。
+// 返回的函数先关存储再放锁。
+func openServiceStore(opt Options) (*store.Store, func(), error) {
+	nop := func() {}
+	if opt.StorageDSN != "" {
+		artifacts := opt.ArtifactsDir
+		if artifacts == "" {
+			artifacts = filepath.Join(opt.DataDir, "artifacts")
+		}
+		// 共享工件（U5/KTD9）：配置了 S3 兼容对象存储时注入（多实例共享）；
+		// 未配置回落本地目录（单实例/共享卷）。凭据只经环境（不入库不入报告）。
+		blobs, berr := blobstore.NewS3FromEnv()
+		if berr != nil {
+			return nil, nop, fmt.Errorf("blobstore s3: %w", berr)
+		}
+		if blobs != nil {
+			log.Printf("artifacts: shared via S3-compatible object storage (prefix %q)", blobs.Prefix)
+		}
+		st, err := store.OpenPostgresWithOptions(opt.StorageDSN, artifacts, opt.PGPool, blobs)
+		if err != nil && opt.Tier == "team" {
+			// team 档拒绝就绪（R2）：PG 故障不回落 SQLite，错误必须明说。
+			return nil, nop, fmt.Errorf("team 档打开 PostgreSQL 失败，拒绝就绪（不回落 SQLite）: %w", err)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nop, fmt.Errorf("open store: %w", err)
+		}
+		if err := verifyConfiguredIdentity(st, "pg"); err != nil {
+			_ = st.Close()
+			return nil, nop, err
+		}
+		return st, func() { _ = st.Close() }, nil
+	}
+
+	lease, err := instanceguard.Acquire(opt.DataDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nop, fmt.Errorf("instance guard: %w", err)
+	}
+	releaseLease := func() { lease.Release() }
+	if err := lease.AutomaticRefusal(); err != nil {
+		adoptable := opt.AdoptInstanceGuard && (errors.Is(err, instanceguard.ErrDBReplaced) || errors.Is(err, instanceguard.ErrLockCorrupt))
+		if !adoptable {
+			releaseLease()
+			return nil, nop, fmt.Errorf("instance guard: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	st, err := store.OpenSQLite(lease.DBPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		releaseLease()
+		return nil, nop, fmt.Errorf("open store: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := verifyConfiguredIdentity(st, "sqlite"); err != nil {
+		_ = st.Close()
+		releaseLease()
+		return nil, nop, err
+	}
+	if err := instanceguard.Bind(st, lease, instanceguard.BindOptions{
+		Adopt:      opt.AdoptInstanceGuard,
+		InstanceID: strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("AGENT_SYSTEM_INSTANCE_ID")),
+	}); err != nil {
+		_ = st.Close()
+		releaseLease()
+		return nil, nop, fmt.Errorf("instance guard: %w", err)
+	}
+	return st, func() {
+		_ = st.Close()
+		lease.Release()
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// verifyConfiguredIdentity U1 I3：svc 注入的服务实例身份（manifest.instance_id）与库内 marker 对齐；
+// 未设置则跳过（兼容未接线旧调用方）。与 --instance（runs 进程标识）无关。
+func verifyConfiguredIdentity(st *store.Store, defaultRef string) error {
+	sysID := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("AGENT_SYSTEM_INSTANCE_ID"))
+	if sysID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	dbref := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("AGENT_SYSTEM_DBREF"))
+	if dbref == "" {
+		dbref = defaultRef
+	}
+	if err := st.VerifySystemIdentity(sysID, dbref); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("system identity: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Migrate 执行显式迁移。SQLite 必须先取得活动服务锁，有服务占用则拒绝。
+func Migrate(opt Options) error {
+	_, release, err := openServiceStore(opt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	release()
+	return nil
+}

internal/instanceguard/guard.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// Package instanceguard 强制同一 SQLite 数据文件只有一个活动服务。
+// 锁在打开数据库（迁移发生在打开内部）之前取得。账户 CLI 不使用本包。
+package instanceguard
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"agent-system-backend/internal/store"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrBusy             = errors.New("instance guard: sqlite service already running")
+	ErrHardlink         = errors.New("instance guard: sqlite database has a hardlink alias")
+	ErrDBReplaced       = errors.New("instance guard: sqlite database replaced")
+	ErrDBMissing        = errors.New("instance guard: recorded sqlite database is missing")
+	ErrLockRebuilt      = errors.New("instance guard: lock file was rebuilt")
+	ErrLockCorrupt      = errors.New("instance guard: lock record is corrupt")
+	ErrInstanceMismatch = errors.New("instance guard: instance id mismatch")
+	ErrUnsupported      = errors.New("instance guard: sqlite activity lock is not available on this platform")
+	ErrLockAliased      = errors.New("instance guard: lock file aliases the sqlite database")
+)
+
+// Record 是锁文件里记下的数据库身份。没有记录表示锁文件是新建的。
+type Record struct {
+	DBDev      uint64
+	DBIno      uint64
+	InstanceID string
+	LockGen    string
+}
+
+// Lease 持有活动服务锁，直到 Release。关闭顺序由调用方保证：先关存储，再 Release。
+type Lease struct {
+	fd       int
+	dbPath   string
+	lockDev  uint64
+	lockIno  uint64
+	dbDev    uint64
+	dbIno    uint64
+	dbExists bool
+	record   *Record
+	parseErr error
+	release  func()
+}
+
+// Release 放开锁并关闭锁文件描述符。锁文件留在磁盘上。
+func (l *Lease) Release() {
+	if l == nil || l.release == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	l.release()
+	l.release = nil
+}
+
+// DBPath 是解析后的数据库路径。符号链接指向真实文件。
+func (l *Lease) DBPath() string {
+	if l == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return l.dbPath
+}
+
+// AutomaticRefusal 在打开数据库之前调用。
+// 尚无记录时返回 nil（首次建立，含旧库升级）。硬链接在 Acquire 阶段已经拒绝。
+func (l *Lease) AutomaticRefusal() error {
+	if l.parseErr != nil {
+		return l.parseErr
+	}
+	if l.record == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !l.dbExists {
+		return ErrDBMissing
+	}
+	if l.record.DBDev != l.dbDev || l.record.DBIno != l.dbIno {
+		return ErrDBReplaced
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BindOptions 控制守卫建立后的比对。
+type BindOptions struct {
+	Adopt      bool
+	InstanceID string
+}
+
+// Bind 在数据库已经打开并完成迁移之后调用。
+// 锁文件 inode 与表不一致则拒绝，除非 Adopt。通过时重写锁文件内容与表。
+func Bind(st *store.Store, lease *Lease, opt BindOptions) error {
+	if lease == nil {
+		return errors.New("instance guard: nil lease")
+	}
+	marker, ok, err := st.LoadInstanceGuard()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if ok && !opt.Adopt {
+		inodeMismatch := marker.LockDev != lease.lockDev || marker.LockIno != lease.lockIno
+		genMismatch := marker.LockGen != "" && (lease.record == nil || lease.record.LockGen != marker.LockGen)
+		if inodeMismatch || genMismatch {
+			return ErrLockRebuilt
+		}
+	}
+	id := opt.InstanceID
+	if ok && marker.InstanceID != "" && id != "" && marker.InstanceID != id && !opt.Adopt {
+		return ErrInstanceMismatch
+	}
+	if id == "" && ok {
+		id = marker.InstanceID
+	}
+	dev, ino, exists, err := lease.currentDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !exists {
+		return ErrDBMissing
+	}
+	lease.dbDev, lease.dbIno, lease.dbExists = dev, ino, true
+	gen := ""
+	if ok && marker.LockGen != "" && !opt.Adopt {
+		gen = marker.LockGen
+	} else {
+		gen, err = newLockGen()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	next := store.InstanceGuardMarker{
+		DBDev: dev, DBIno: ino, LockDev: lease.lockDev, LockIno: lease.lockIno,
+		InstanceID: id, LockGen: gen,
+	}
+	if err := lease.writeRecord(dev, ino, id, gen); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !ok || opt.Adopt || marker != next {
+		if err := st.SaveInstanceGuard(next); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newLockGen() (string, error) {
+	buf := make([]byte, 16)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(buf); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(buf), nil
+}
+
+func parseRecord(raw string) (*Record, error) {
+	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(raw, "\t")
+	if parts[0] != "v1" {
+		return nil, ErrLockCorrupt
+	}
+	rec := &Record{}
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, part := range parts[1:] {
+		key, val, ok := strings.Cut(part, "=")
+		if !ok || seen[key] || strings.ContainsAny(val, " \t") {
+			return nil, ErrLockCorrupt
+		}
+		seen[key] = true
+		switch key {
+		case "db_dev":
+			n, err := strconv.ParseUint(val, 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, ErrLockCorrupt
+			}
+			rec.DBDev = n
+		case "db_ino":
+			n, err := strconv.ParseUint(val, 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, ErrLockCorrupt
+			}
+			rec.DBIno = n
+		case "instance_id":
+			rec.InstanceID = val
+		case "lock_gen":
+			if val == "" {
+				return nil, ErrLockCorrupt
+			}
+			rec.LockGen = val
+		default:
+			return nil, ErrLockCorrupt
+		}
+	}
+	if !seen["db_dev"] || !seen["db_ino"] || !seen["instance_id"] {
+		return nil, ErrLockCorrupt
+	}
+	return rec, nil
+}

internal/instanceguard/guard_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//go:build !unix
+
+package instanceguard
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// Acquire 在非 unix 平台拒绝 SQLite 活动服务。PostgreSQL 档不调用本函数。
+func Acquire(string) (*Lease, error) {
+	return nil, ErrUnsupported
+}
+
+func (l *Lease) writeRecord(uint64, uint64, string, string) error {
+	return ErrUnsupported
+}
+
+func (l *Lease) currentDB() (uint64, uint64, bool, error) {
+	return 0, 0, false, fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrUnsupported)
+}

internal/instanceguard/guard_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package instanceguard
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"agent-system-backend/internal/store"
+)
+
+func TestAcquireSameResourceAcrossAliases(t *testing.T) {
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	real := filepath.Join(base, "real")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(real, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	link := filepath.Join(base, "link")
+	if err := os.Symlink(real, link); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	held, err := Acquire(link)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer held.Release()
+	if _, err := Acquire(real); !errors.Is(err, ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("symlink alias: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	wd, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chdir(base); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.Chdir(wd) })
+	if _, err := Acquire(filepath.Join(".", "real")); !errors.Is(err, ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("relative path: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHardlinkRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	db := filepath.Join(dir, "agent-system.db")
+	st, err := store.OpenSQLite(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := st.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Link(db, filepath.Join(dir, "alias.db")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := Acquire(dir); !errors.Is(err, ErrHardlink) {
+		t.Fatalf("hardlink: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDatabaseReplacementRefusedBeforeOpen(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	st, release, err := openAndBind(t, dir, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	db := filepath.Join(dir, "agent-system.db")
+	release()
+	_ = st
+	if err := os.Remove(db); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(db + ".lock")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	rec, err := parseRecord(string(raw))
+	if err != nil || rec == nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(db, []byte("replaced"), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		_, ino, exists, err := statFile(db)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if exists && ino != rec.DBIno {
+			break
+		}
+		if err := os.Remove(db); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "inode-burn-"+string(rune('a'+i))), []byte("x"), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	lease, err := Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer lease.Release()
+	if err := lease.AutomaticRefusal(); !errors.Is(err, ErrDBReplaced) {
+		t.Fatalf("replaced db: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(db); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMissingRecordedDatabaseRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	_, release, err := openAndBind(t, dir, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	release()
+	db := filepath.Join(dir, "agent-system.db")
+	if err := os.Remove(db); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	lease, err := Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer lease.Release()
+	if err := lease.AutomaticRefusal(); !errors.Is(err, ErrDBMissing) {
+		t.Fatalf("missing db: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRebuiltLockRefusedUntilAdopt(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	st, release, err := openAndBind(t, dir, "inst-a")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	release()
+	_ = st.Close()
+	if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(dir, "agent-system.db.lock")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	lease, err := Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := lease.AutomaticRefusal(); err != nil {
+		lease.Release()
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	opened, err := store.OpenSQLite(lease.DBPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		lease.Release()
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = Bind(opened, lease, BindOptions{InstanceID: "inst-a"})
+	_ = opened.Close()
+	lease.Release()
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrLockRebuilt) {
+		t.Fatalf("rebuilt lock: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	adopted, err := Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer adopted.Release()
+	opened, err = store.OpenSQLite(adopted.DBPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer opened.Close()
+	if err := Bind(opened, adopted, BindOptions{Adopt: true, InstanceID: "inst-a"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClearedLockRecordRefusedWhenInodeStays(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	st, release, err := openAndBind(t, dir, "inst-a")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	release()
+	_ = st.Close()
+	lockPath := filepath.Join(dir, "agent-system.db.lock")
+	if err := os.Truncate(lockPath, 0); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	lease, err := Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	opened, err := store.OpenSQLite(lease.DBPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		lease.Release()
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = Bind(opened, lease, BindOptions{InstanceID: "inst-a"})
+	_ = opened.Close()
+	lease.Release()
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrLockRebuilt) {
+		t.Fatalf("cleared lock: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInstanceMismatchPreservesEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	st, release, err := openAndBind(t, dir, "inst-a")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	release()
+	_ = st.Close()
+
+	lease, err := Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	opened, err := store.OpenSQLite(lease.DBPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		lease.Release()
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = Bind(opened, lease, BindOptions{InstanceID: "inst-b"})
+	_ = opened.Close()
+	lease.Release()
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInstanceMismatch) {
+		t.Fatalf("mismatch: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	lease, err = Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer lease.Release()
+	opened, err = store.OpenSQLite(lease.DBPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer opened.Close()
+	if err := Bind(opened, lease, BindOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	marker, ok, err := opened.LoadInstanceGuard()
+	if err != nil || !ok || marker.InstanceID != "inst-a" {
+		t.Fatalf("empty id should keep marker: ok=%v id=%q err=%v", ok, marker.InstanceID, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLockReleasedAfterKill(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("U8_GUARD_ROLE") == "hold" {
+		lease, err := Acquire(os.Getenv("U8_GUARD_DIR"))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(os.Getenv("U8_GUARD_READY"), []byte("ready"), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
+		lease.Release()
+		return
+	}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	ready := filepath.Join(dir, "ready")
+	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestLockReleasedAfterKill")
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "U8_GUARD_ROLE=hold", "U8_GUARD_DIR="+dir, "U8_GUARD_READY="+ready)
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if cmd.Process != nil {
+			_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+			_, _ = cmd.Process.Wait()
+		}
+	})
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(ready); err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(ready); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := Acquire(dir); !errors.Is(err, ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("held: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := cmd.Process.Kill(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	_, _ = cmd.Process.Wait()
+	lease, err := Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	lease.Release()
+}
+
+func TestMissingDataDirIsCreatedBeforeLock(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "nested", "data")
+	lease, err := Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	lease.Release()
+	if _, err := os.Stat(dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLockSymlinkCannotAliasDatabase(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	db := filepath.Join(dir, "agent-system.db")
+	st, err := store.OpenSQLite(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := st.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Remove(db + ".lock"); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(db, db+".lock"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	before, err := os.ReadFile(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := Acquire(dir); !errors.Is(err, ErrLockAliased) {
+		t.Fatalf("symlink lock: %v", err)
+	}
+	after, err := os.ReadFile(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(before) != string(after) {
+		t.Fatal("aliased lock wrote into the database")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSymlinkedDatabaseLocksResolvedFile(t *testing.T) {
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	realDir := filepath.Join(base, "real")
+	aliasDir := filepath.Join(base, "alias")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(realDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Mkdir(aliasDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(realDir, "agent-system.db"), []byte{}, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(realDir, "agent-system.db"), filepath.Join(aliasDir, "agent-system.db")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	held, err := Acquire(aliasDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer held.Release()
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(realDir, "agent-system.db.lock")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := Acquire(realDir); !errors.Is(err, ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("resolved db lock: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func openAndBind(t *testing.T, dir, instanceID string) (*store.Store, func(), error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	lease, err := Acquire(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if err := lease.AutomaticRefusal(); err != nil {
+		lease.Release()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	st, err := store.OpenSQLite(lease.DBPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		lease.Release()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if err := Bind(st, lease, BindOptions{InstanceID: instanceID}); err != nil {
+		_ = st.Close()
+		lease.Release()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return st, func() {
+		_ = st.Close()
+		lease.Release()
+	}, nil
+}

internal/instanceguard/guard_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package instanceguard
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// Acquire 取得 SQLite 活动服务锁。失败时不返回 Lease。
+// 硬链接别名直接拒绝。锁文件被并发替换时重试数次后拒绝。
+func Acquire(dataDir string) (*Lease, error) {
+	dir, err := normalizeDataDir(dataDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	_, dbPath, err := resolveDB(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := rejectHardlink(dbPath); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	lockPath := dbPath + ".lock"
+	var last error
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < 5; attempt++ {
+		lease, retry, err := acquireOnce(dbPath, lockPath)
+		if err == nil && !retry {
+			return lease, nil
+		}
+		if retry {
+			last = err
+			continue
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if last == nil {
+		last = errorsRetry()
+	}
+	return nil, last
+}
+
+func errorsRetry() error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("instance guard: lock file inode changed while locking")
+}
+
+func acquireOnce(dbPath, lockPath string) (*Lease, bool, error) {
+	fd, err := syscall.Open(lockPath, syscall.O_RDWR|syscall.O_CREAT|syscall.O_CLOEXEC|syscall.O_NOFOLLOW, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == syscall.ELOOP {
+			return nil, false, ErrLockAliased
+		}
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	fail := func(err error) (*Lease, bool, error) {
+		syscall.Close(fd)
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	if err := syscall.Flock(fd, syscall.LOCK_EX|syscall.LOCK_NB); err != nil {
+		syscall.Close(fd)
+		if err == syscall.EWOULDBLOCK || err == syscall.EAGAIN {
+			return nil, false, ErrBusy
+		}
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	var held syscall.Stat_t
+	if err := syscall.Fstat(fd, &held); err != nil {
+		return fail(err)
+	}
+	var named syscall.Stat_t
+	if err := syscall.Stat(lockPath, &named); err != nil {
+		return fail(err)
+	}
+	if held.Ino != named.Ino || held.Dev != named.Dev {
+		syscall.Flock(fd, syscall.LOCK_UN)
+		syscall.Close(fd)
+		return nil, true, errorsRetry()
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, 512)
+	n, err := syscall.Read(fd, buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fail(err)
+	}
+	rec, perr := parseRecord(string(buf[:n]))
+	dbDev, dbIno, dbExists, err := statFile(dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fail(err)
+	}
+	if dbExists && dbDev == uint64(held.Dev) && dbIno == uint64(held.Ino) {
+		syscall.Flock(fd, syscall.LOCK_UN)
+		syscall.Close(fd)
+		return nil, false, ErrLockAliased
+	}
+	lease := &Lease{
+		fd:       fd,
+		dbPath:   dbPath,
+		lockDev:  uint64(held.Dev),
+		lockIno:  uint64(held.Ino),
+		dbDev:    dbDev,
+		dbIno:    dbIno,
+		dbExists: dbExists,
+		record:   rec,
+		parseErr: perr,
+		release: func() {
+			syscall.Flock(fd, syscall.LOCK_UN)
+			syscall.Close(fd)
+		},
+	}
+	return lease, false, nil
+}
+
+func (l *Lease) writeRecord(dev, ino uint64, instanceID, lockGen string) error {
+	if strings.ContainsAny(instanceID, " \t\r\n") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("instance guard: instance id contains whitespace")
+	}
+	line := fmt.Sprintf("v1\tdb_dev=%d\tdb_ino=%d\tinstance_id=%s\tlock_gen=%s\n", dev, ino, instanceID, lockGen)
+	if _, err := syscall.Seek(l.fd, 0, 0); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := syscall.Write(l.fd, []byte(line)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return syscall.Ftruncate(l.fd, int64(len(line)))
+}
+
+func (l *Lease) currentDB() (dev, ino uint64, exists bool, err error) {
+	return statFile(l.dbPath)
+}
+
+func normalizeDataDir(dataDir string) (string, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(dataDir) == "" {
+		dataDir = "."
+	}
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs(dataDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Lstat(abs); err == nil {
+		return filepath.EvalSymlinks(abs)
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	parent, base := filepath.Split(abs)
+	parent = filepath.Clean(parent)
+	if _, err := os.Lstat(parent); err == nil {
+		resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(parent)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return filepath.Join(resolved, base), nil
+	}
+	return abs, nil
+}
+
+func resolveDB(dataDir string) (logical, resolved string, err error) {
+	logical = filepath.Join(dataDir, "agent-system.db")
+	fi, err := os.Lstat(logical)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return logical, logical, nil
+		}
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	if fi.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+		resolved, err = filepath.EvalSymlinks(logical)
+		return logical, resolved, err
+	}
+	return logical, logical, nil
+}
+
+func rejectHardlink(dbPath string) error {
+	_, _, exists, err := statFile(dbPath)
+	if err != nil || !exists {
+		return err
+	}
+	var st syscall.Stat_t
+	if err := syscall.Stat(dbPath, &st); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if st.Nlink > 1 {
+		return ErrHardlink
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func statFile(path string) (dev, ino uint64, exists bool, err error) {
+	var st syscall.Stat_t
+	if err = syscall.Stat(path, &st); err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return 0, 0, false, nil
+		}
+		return 0, 0, false, err
+	}
+	return uint64(st.Dev), uint64(st.Ino), true, nil
+}

internal/server/account_contract_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"agent-system-backend/internal/store"
@@ -113,7 +114,6 @@ func TestAccountHTTPPendingCreateProfileAndDisable(t *testing.T) {
 	h := srv.Handler()
 	adminCookie := bootAdmin(t, h, st)
 	for _, body := range []string{
-		`{"owner":"blocked-password","password":"old-pass-9"}`,
 		`{"owner":"blocked-admin","isAdmin":true}`,
 	} {
 		if rec := do(h, "POST", "/api/admin/users", body, adminCookie); rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
@@ -152,3 +152,97 @@ func TestAccountHTTPPendingCreateProfileAndDisable(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("state/profile after disable: %+v %v", account, err)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestAdminPasswordCreateAndResetHTTP(t *testing.T) {
+	srv, st := newAuthTestServer(t)
+	h := srv.Handler()
+	admin := bootAdmin(t, h, st)
+
+	created := do(h, "POST", "/api/admin/users", `{"owner":"alice","profile":{"name":"爱丽丝"},"password":"alice-initial-9"}`, admin)
+	if created.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("password create: %d %s", created.Code, created.Body.String())
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(created.Body.String(), "alice-initial-9") {
+		t.Fatal("supplied password was echoed")
+	}
+	var createdBody struct {
+		UserID             string `json:"userId"`
+		PasswordSet        bool   `json:"passwordSet"`
+		MustChangePassword bool   `json:"mustChangePassword"`
+		InitialPassword    string `json:"initialPassword"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(created.Body.Bytes(), &createdBody); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if createdBody.UserID == "" || !createdBody.PasswordSet || !createdBody.MustChangePassword || createdBody.InitialPassword != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("supplied password projection: %+v", createdBody)
+	}
+	account, err := st.GetAccountByOwner("alice")
+	if err != nil || !account.HasPassword || !account.MustChangePassword || account.InitializationState != store.InitializationInitialized {
+		t.Fatalf("stored account state: %+v %v", account, err)
+	}
+	if state, ok := st.VerifyLogin("alice", "alice-initial-9"); !ok || !state.MustChangePassword {
+		t.Fatalf("supplied password login: ok=%v state=%+v", ok, state)
+	}
+
+	generated := do(h, "POST", "/api/admin/users", `{"owner":"bob"}`, admin)
+	if generated.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("generated password create: %d %s", generated.Code, generated.Body.String())
+	}
+	var generatedBody struct {
+		InitialPassword    string `json:"initialPassword"`
+		MustChangePassword bool   `json:"mustChangePassword"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(generated.Body.Bytes(), &generatedBody); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if generatedBody.InitialPassword == "" || !generatedBody.MustChangePassword {
+		t.Fatalf("generated password projection: %+v", generatedBody)
+	}
+	if state, ok := st.VerifyLogin("bob", generatedBody.InitialPassword); !ok || !state.MustChangePassword {
+		t.Fatalf("generated password login: ok=%v state=%+v", ok, state)
+	}
+
+	login := do(h, "POST", "/api/auth/login", `{"owner":"alice","password":"alice-initial-9"}`, "")
+	if login.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("alice login: %d %s", login.Code, login.Body.String())
+	}
+	aliceSession := cookieOf(login)
+	key, _, err := st.IssueLoginKey("alice", store.LoginKeyPurposeRecover, "test", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if rejected := do(h, "POST", "/api/admin/users/alice/password", `{"password":"client-supplied"}`, admin); rejected.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("client reset password accepted: %d %s", rejected.Code, rejected.Body.String())
+	}
+	if _, ok := st.VerifyLogin("alice", "alice-initial-9"); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("rejected reset changed the password")
+	}
+
+	reset := do(h, "POST", "/api/admin/users/alice/password", `{}`, admin)
+	if reset.Code != http.StatusOK || reset.Header().Get("Cache-Control") != "no-store" {
+		t.Fatalf("admin reset: %d %s", reset.Code, reset.Body.String())
+	}
+	var resetBody struct {
+		TemporaryPassword  string `json:"temporaryPassword"`
+		MustChangePassword bool   `json:"mustChangePassword"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(reset.Body.Bytes(), &resetBody); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if resetBody.TemporaryPassword == "" || resetBody.TemporaryPassword == "alice-initial-9" || !resetBody.MustChangePassword {
+		t.Fatalf("reset projection: %+v", resetBody)
+	}
+	if rec := do(h, "GET", "/api/me", "", aliceSession); rec.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Fatalf("reset did not revoke session: %d %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if _, ok := st.VerifyLogin("alice", "alice-initial-9"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("old password remained usable after reset")
+	}
+	if state, ok := st.VerifyLogin("alice", resetBody.TemporaryPassword); !ok || !state.MustChangePassword {
+		t.Fatalf("temporary password login: ok=%v state=%+v", ok, state)
+	}
+	if _, _, err := st.RedeemLoginKey(key); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("admin reset left unused login key redeemable")
+	}
+}

internal/server/accounts.go

@@ -324,8 +324,9 @@ func (s *Server) createAdminUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 	var req struct {
-		Owner   string               `json:"owner"`
-		Profile store.AccountProfile `json:"profile"`
+		Owner    string               `json:"owner"`
+		Profile  store.AccountProfile `json:"profile"`
+		Password *string              `json:"password"`
 	}
 	if err := decodeStrictJSON(r, &req); err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
@@ -336,12 +337,31 @@ func (s *Server) createAdminUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		http.Error(w, "owner required (no spaces or slashes)", http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
-	account, err := s.st.CreatePendingAccount(actor, req.Owner, req.Profile)
+	password := RandomPassword()
+	generated := req.Password == nil
+	if req.Password != nil {
+		password = *req.Password
+		if err := validPassword(password); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	hash, err := store.HashPassword(password)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	account, err := s.st.CreateAdminPasswordAccount(actor, req.Owner, req.Profile, hash)
 	if err != nil {
 		writeStoreErr(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, accountProfileJSON(account))
+	out := accountProfileJSON(account)
+	if generated {
+		w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+		out["initialPassword"] = password
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, out)
 }
 
 func accountProfileJSON(account store.Account) map[string]any {
@@ -349,7 +369,8 @@ func accountProfileJSON(account store.Account) map[string]any {
 		"userId": account.ID, "owner": account.Owner, "profile": account.Profile,
 		"profileVersion": account.ProfileVersion, "enabled": account.Enabled,
 		"stateVersion": account.StateVersion, "isAdmin": account.IsAdmin,
-		"passwordSet": account.HasPassword, "initializationState": account.InitializationState,
+		"passwordSet": account.HasPassword, "mustChangePassword": account.MustChangePassword,
+		"initializationState":      account.InitializationState,
 		"initializationGeneration": account.InitializationGeneration,
 	}
 }
@@ -462,13 +483,32 @@ func (s *Server) setAdminAccountState(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, accountProfileJSON(account))
 }
 
-// resetAdminUserPassword：管理员直接重置密码（兼容保留的既有入口；常规恢复
-// 走签发一次性登录 Key）。单事务：must_change=1、bump auth_version、作废未用
-// 登录 Key、吊销全部会话、审计。
+// resetAdminUserPassword：管理员生成随机临时密码。单事务：must_change=1、bump
+// auth_version、作废未用登录 Key、吊销全部会话、审计。
 func (s *Server) resetAdminUserPassword(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if _, ok := s.requireAdmin(w, r); ok {
-		http.Error(w, "RECOVERY_CONTRACT_REPLACED: propose recovery instead", http.StatusGone)
+	actor, ok := s.requireAdmin(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
 	}
+	var req struct{}
+	if err := decodeStrictJSON(r, &req); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	password := RandomPassword()
+	hash, err := store.HashPassword(password)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.st.AdminResetUserPassword(r.PathValue("owner"), hash, actor, "admin-http"); err != nil {
+		writeStoreErr(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+		"owner": r.PathValue("owner"), "temporaryPassword": password, "mustChangePassword": true,
+	})
 }
 
 // ---- 管理员：一次性登录 Key（恢复流程主入口）----

internal/server/auth_e2e_test.go

@@ -423,19 +423,33 @@ func TestAdminAccountFlow(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("non-admin create must 403: %d", rec.Code)
 	}
 
-	// 旧管理员重置入口关闭，不能动 alice 的密码与当前会话。
-	if rec := session("POST", "/api/admin/users/alice/password", `{"password":"reset-init-02"}`); rec.Code != http.StatusGone {
-		t.Fatalf("admin reset must be closed: %d %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	// 管理员重置总是生成临时密码，销毁 alice 的旧会话并强制首登改密。
+	reset := session("POST", "/api/admin/users/alice/password", `{}`)
+	if reset.Code != http.StatusOK || reset.Header().Get("Cache-Control") != "no-store" {
+		t.Fatalf("admin reset: %d %s", reset.Code, reset.Body.String())
 	}
-	if rec := alice("GET", "/api/me", ""); rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("closed reset must preserve alice session: %d", rec.Code)
+	var resetBody struct {
+		TemporaryPassword string `json:"temporaryPassword"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(reset.Body.Bytes(), &resetBody); err != nil || resetBody.TemporaryPassword == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("admin reset response: %+v %v", resetBody, err)
+	}
+	if rec := alice("GET", "/api/me", ""); rec.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Fatalf("reset must revoke alice session: %d", rec.Code)
 	}
 	req = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/auth/login", strings.NewReader(`{"owner":"alice","password":"alice-final-9"}`))
 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
 	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
-	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK || strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), `"mustChangePassword":true`) {
-		t.Fatalf("closed reset must preserve normal login: %d %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Fatalf("old password remained usable after reset: %d %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	req = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/auth/login", strings.NewReader(`{"owner":"alice","password":"`+resetBody.TemporaryPassword+`"}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK || !strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), `"mustChangePassword":true`) {
+		t.Fatalf("temporary password login: %d %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
 	}
 
 	// API key 通道兼容：密钥登录照旧（并具备其 owner 身份）。

internal/server/recovery_contract_test.go

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func TestOwnerConfirmedRecoveryHTTPKeepsGrantFromAdministrator(t *testing.T) {
 
 func jsonNumber(v int64) string { return strconv.FormatInt(v, 10) }
 
-func TestLegacyAdministratorRecoveryEntrancesAreClosed(t *testing.T) {
+func TestLegacyAdministratorLoginKeyIssuanceEntrancesAreClosed(t *testing.T) {
 	srv, st := newAuthTestServer(t)
 	h := srv.Handler()
 	admin := bootAdmin(t, h, st)
@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ func TestLegacyAdministratorRecoveryEntrancesAreClosed(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	for _, route := range []struct{ path, body string }{
-		{"/api/admin/users/victim/password", `{"password":"attacker-pass"}`},
 		{"/api/admin/users/victim/login-keys", `{"purpose":"recover"}`},
 		{"/api/admin/users/victim/login-keys", `{"purpose":"activate"}`},
 	} {

internal/store/account_model.go

@@ -299,6 +299,53 @@ func (s *Store) CreatePendingAccount(actorOwner, owner string, profile AccountPr
 	return a, nil
 }
 
+// CreateAdminPasswordAccount creates an ordinary user with an administrator-
+// supplied password hash. The account row, hash, and audit entries commit
+// together so a failed write cannot leave a credential without its account.
+func (s *Store) CreateAdminPasswordAccount(actorOwner, owner string, profile AccountProfile, passwordHash string) (Account, error) {
+	if passwordHash == "" {
+		return Account{}, ErrConflict
+	}
+	tx, err := s.db.Begin()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Account{}, err
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+	locked, err := s.lockAccountUsers(tx, actorOwner)
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		return Account{}, ErrAccountForbidden
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return Account{}, err
+	}
+	actor := locked[actorOwner]
+	if !actor.Enabled || !actor.IsAdmin {
+		return Account{}, ErrAccountForbidden
+	}
+	a, err := s.insertPendingAccountTx(tx, owner, profile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Account{}, err
+	}
+	if _, err := tx.Exec(s.q(`UPDATE users SET password_hash=?,password_set_at=?,must_change_password=?,credential_origin=?,initialization_state=? WHERE id=?`),
+		passwordHash, nowISO(), true, CredentialOriginAdminPassword, InitializationInitialized, a.ID); err != nil {
+		return Account{}, err
+	}
+	a, err = s.accountByOwner(tx, owner)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Account{}, err
+	}
+	if err := s.insertAccountEvent(tx, actorOwner, "account-management", owner, "account_created_password", a.ID); err != nil {
+		return Account{}, err
+	}
+	if err := s.auditAccountMutation(tx, owner, actorOwner, "account.create_password"); err != nil {
+		return Account{}, err
+	}
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return Account{}, err
+	}
+	return a, nil
+}
+
 // insertPendingAccountTx lets the trusted local initializer create and grant in
 // one transaction without impersonating an administrator. The caller owns its
 // authorization, audit and commit; this helper always inserts an ordinary user.

internal/store/durability.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// DurabilityRefusal 判断 PostgreSQL 耐久参数。off 或缺失即拒绝。
+// synchronous_commit=local 不是 off，不拒绝。
+func DurabilityRefusal(settings map[string]string) error {
+	for _, key := range []string{"fsync", "full_page_writes", "synchronous_commit"} {
+		value, ok := settings[key]
+		if !ok || strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(value), "off") {
+			return fmt.Errorf("durability: %s=%q", key, value)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) verifyDurability() error {
+	switch s.dialect.name() {
+	case "sqlite":
+		return s.verifySQLiteDurability()
+	case "postgres":
+		return s.verifyPostgresDurability()
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("durability: unknown dialect %s", s.dialect.name())
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Store) verifySQLiteDurability() error {
+	var journal string
+	if err := s.db.QueryRow(`PRAGMA journal_mode`).Scan(&journal); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("durability: journal_mode: %w", err)
+	}
+	var syncLevel int64
+	if err := s.db.QueryRow(`PRAGMA synchronous`).Scan(&syncLevel); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("durability: synchronous: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.EqualFold(journal, "wal") || syncLevel != 2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("durability: journal_mode=%s synchronous=%d", journal, syncLevel)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) verifyPostgresDurability() error {
+	rows, err := s.db.Query(`SELECT name, setting FROM pg_settings WHERE name IN ('fsync','full_page_writes','synchronous_commit')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("durability: pg_settings: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	got := map[string]string{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var name, setting string
+		if err := rows.Scan(&name, &setting); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		got[name] = setting
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := DurabilityRefusal(got); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/store/durability_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	core "agent-system-core"
+)
+
+func TestDurabilityRefusal(t *testing.T) {
+	ok := map[string]string{
+		"fsync": "on", "full_page_writes": "on", "synchronous_commit": "local",
+	}
+	if err := DurabilityRefusal(ok); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{"fsync", "full_page_writes", "synchronous_commit"} {
+		bad := map[string]string{
+			"fsync": "on", "full_page_writes": "on", "synchronous_commit": "on",
+		}
+		bad[key] = "off"
+		if err := DurabilityRefusal(bad); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s off should refuse", key)
+		}
+		delete(bad, key)
+		if err := DurabilityRefusal(bad); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("missing %s should refuse", key)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSQLitePragmaReadback(t *testing.T) {
+	st, err := OpenSQLite(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "agent-system.db"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer st.Close()
+	var journal string
+	if err := st.db.QueryRow(`PRAGMA journal_mode`).Scan(&journal); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var syncLevel int64
+	if err := st.db.QueryRow(`PRAGMA synchronous`).Scan(&syncLevel); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.EqualFold(journal, "wal") || syncLevel != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("journal=%s synchronous=%d", journal, syncLevel)
+	}
+	marker, ok, err := st.LoadInstanceGuard()
+	if err != nil || ok || marker.InstanceID != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("fresh db has no guard row: ok=%v err=%v", ok, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenExistingDoesNotCreateMissingParent(t *testing.T) {
+	missing := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "absent", "agent-system.db")
+	if _, err := OpenExistingSQLite(missing); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("missing file opened")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Dir(missing)); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("parent created: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSurvivesReopen(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "agent-system.db")
+	st, err := OpenSQLite(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	run := &core.Run{
+		ID: "run_keep", ConversationID: "c", ProjectID: "p", Owner: "o",
+		Kind: core.RunConversation, Status: core.RunWaitingHITL,
+	}
+	if err := st.CreateRun(run); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := st.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	st, err = OpenSQLite(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer st.Close()
+	got, err := st.GetRunByID("run_keep")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got.Status != core.RunWaitingHITL {
+		t.Fatalf("status %s", got.Status)
+	}
+}

internal/store/durability_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package store
+
+import (
+	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestWriteFailureIsReturned(t *testing.T) {
+	st, err := OpenSQLite(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "agent-system.db"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer st.Close()
+	signal.Ignore(syscall.SIGXFSZ)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { signal.Reset(syscall.SIGXFSZ) })
+	var lim syscall.Rlimit
+	if err := syscall.Getrlimit(syscall.RLIMIT_FSIZE, &lim); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	old := lim
+	lim.Cur = 4096
+	if err := syscall.Setrlimit(syscall.RLIMIT_FSIZE, &lim); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = syscall.Setrlimit(syscall.RLIMIT_FSIZE, &old) })
+	_, err = st.CreateProject("owner", strings.Repeat("x", 64*1024))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("oversized write returned success")
+	}
+}

internal/store/instance_guard.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// InstanceGuardMarker 是 instance_guard 表的唯一一行。
+type InstanceGuardMarker struct {
+	DBDev      uint64
+	DBIno      uint64
+	LockDev    uint64
+	LockIno    uint64
+	InstanceID string
+	LockGen    string
+}
+
+// LoadInstanceGuard 读取守卫标记。没有行时 ok 为 false。
+func (s *Store) LoadInstanceGuard() (InstanceGuardMarker, bool, error) {
+	var m InstanceGuardMarker
+	var dbDev, dbIno, lockDev, lockIno int64
+	err := s.db.QueryRow(`SELECT db_dev, db_ino, lock_dev, lock_ino, instance_id, lock_gen FROM instance_guard WHERE id=1`).
+		Scan(&dbDev, &dbIno, &lockDev, &lockIno, &m.InstanceID, &m.LockGen)
+	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+		return InstanceGuardMarker{}, false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return InstanceGuardMarker{}, false, err
+	}
+	m.DBDev = uint64(dbDev)
+	m.DBIno = uint64(dbIno)
+	m.LockDev = uint64(lockDev)
+	m.LockIno = uint64(lockIno)
+	return m, true, nil
+}
+
+// SaveInstanceGuard 写入或覆盖唯一一行。
+func (s *Store) SaveInstanceGuard(m InstanceGuardMarker) error {
+	_, err := s.db.Exec(s.q(`INSERT INTO instance_guard(id, db_dev, db_ino, lock_dev, lock_ino, instance_id, lock_gen)
+		VALUES(1,?,?,?,?,?,?)
+		ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET
+			db_dev=excluded.db_dev, db_ino=excluded.db_ino,
+			lock_dev=excluded.lock_dev, lock_ino=excluded.lock_ino,
+			instance_id=excluded.instance_id, lock_gen=excluded.lock_gen`),
+		int64(m.DBDev), int64(m.DBIno), int64(m.LockDev), int64(m.LockIno), m.InstanceID, m.LockGen)
+	return err
+}

internal/store/migrate.go

@@ -901,6 +901,34 @@ func init() {
 			up:   map[string][]string{"sqlite": execEnvUp, "postgres": execEnvUp},
 			down: map[string][]string{"sqlite": execEnvDown, "postgres": execEnvDown},
 		},
+		// U8：活动服务锁的库内标记。锁文件 inode 与本行不一致表示锁文件被重建。
+		migration{version: 36, name: "instance_guard",
+			up: map[string][]string{"sqlite": {
+				`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS instance_guard (
+					id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id = 1),
+					db_dev INTEGER NOT NULL,
+					db_ino INTEGER NOT NULL,
+					lock_dev INTEGER NOT NULL,
+					lock_ino INTEGER NOT NULL,
+					instance_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+					lock_gen TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
+				)`,
+			}, "postgres": {
+				`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS instance_guard (
+					id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id = 1),
+					db_dev BIGINT NOT NULL,
+					db_ino BIGINT NOT NULL,
+					lock_dev BIGINT NOT NULL,
+					lock_ino BIGINT NOT NULL,
+					instance_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+					lock_gen TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
+				)`,
+			}},
+			down: map[string][]string{"sqlite": {
+				`DROP TABLE IF EXISTS instance_guard`,
+			}, "postgres": {
+				`DROP TABLE IF EXISTS instance_guard`,
+			}}},
 	)
 }
 

internal/store/migrate_compat.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ var migrationBreaksOldReaders = map[int]bool{
 	33: true,  // 本人证明与 grant 绑定协议；旧恢复写者和兑换者必须排除
 	34: false, // 游标签名密钥只新增内部列；旧读者按列名读取既有字段
 	35: false, // exec_env 新表；旧读者不读这些表
+	36: false, // instance_guard 是新表，旧制品不读取它
 }
 
 // SchemaTarget 是本二进制会迁移到的 schema 版本。

internal/store/store.go

@@ -189,7 +189,8 @@ func openSQLiteFile(path string, createArtifacts, migrateSchema bool) (*Store, e
 	// 跨进程迁移/写路径依赖 busy_timeout 排队而不是中途 SQLITE_BUSY（KTD8）。
 	// busy_timeout 30s：迁移竞争测试在慢速 CI 盘上 4 个迁移者串行全程可超 5s
 	// （实测 job 2285 SQLITE_BUSY）；本地档宁可排队不报错。
-	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?_pragma=busy_timeout(30000)&_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=foreign_keys(1)&_txlock=immediate", path)
+	// synchronous(FULL) 是恢复方案 KTD14 的可靠档。打开后在同一连接读回，见 verifyDurability。
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?_pragma=busy_timeout(30000)&_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=synchronous(FULL)&_pragma=foreign_keys(1)&_txlock=immediate", path)
 	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite", dsn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -293,6 +294,10 @@ func finishOpenMode(db *sql.DB, d dialect, artifactsDir string, blobs blobstore.
 		db.Close()
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if err := s.verifyDurability(); err != nil {
+		db.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	if createArtifacts {
 		if err := os.MkdirAll(artifactsDir, 0o755); err != nil {
 			db.Close()