Agent-System-Backend/internal/tools/exec_backend_test.go

package tools

// EXT-16 执行后端测试：direct 档回归（现状语义）＋ sandbox 档 bwrap 参数组装与
// 逃逸负例（提案 2026-10-09-ext-g1-b1-b3 §4 验收：读 ~/.secrets、读其他会话目录、
// 访问外网、fork 炸弹、超时不可杀——须全部被拦；会话目录内正常任务成功）。
// bwrap 缺席的环境跳过 sandbox 集成项（CI 只兜 direct 回归；隔离证据在具备
// bwrap 的评审环境重放）。

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"
	"testing"
	"time"
)

func TestSetExecBackendValidation(t *testing.T) {
	defer func() { _ = SetExecBackend("") }()
	if err := SetExecBackend("jail"); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("unknown backend must be rejected (fail-closed)")
	}
	for _, ok := range []string{"", "direct", "sandbox"} {
		if err := SetExecBackend(ok); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("%q: %v", ok, err)
		}
	}
	if err := SetExecBackend("sandbox"); err != nil || ExecBackendName() != "sandbox" {
		t.Fatalf("sandbox not selected: %v %q", err, ExecBackendName())
	}
}

func TestSandboxArgvShape(t *testing.T) {
	argv := sandboxArgv(ExecSpec{
		Bin: "/usr/bin/python3", Args: []string{"/data/s/x.py"},
		Dir: "/data/s", SkillsDir: "/data/skills",
		Env: []string{"PATH=/usr/bin:/bin", "HOME=/tmp/h"},
	})
	joined := strings.Join(argv, "\x00")
	musts := []string{
		"--unshare-all", "--die-with-parent",
		"--ro-bind\x00/\x00/", // 只读系统根
		"--tmpfs\x00/home",    // 遮蔽真实家目录
		"--tmpfs\x00/tmp",
		"--bind\x00/data/s\x00/data/s", // 会话目录唯一可写挂载
		"--ro-bind\x00/data/skills\x00/data/skills",
		"--chdir\x00/data/s", "--clearenv",
		"--setenv\x00PATH", "--setenv\x00HOME",
		"/bin/bash", "-c",
	}
	for _, m := range musts {
		if !strings.Contains(joined, m) {
			t.Fatalf("sandbox argv missing %q: %v", m, argv)
		}
	}
	wrapper := argv[len(argv)-1]
	if !strings.Contains(wrapper, "ulimit -u "+itoa(execSandboxMaxProcs)) ||
		!strings.Contains(wrapper, "exec '/usr/bin/python3' '/data/s/x.py'") {
		t.Fatalf("wrapper = %q（须 ulimit -u 限进程数并 exec 白名单解释器）", wrapper)
	}
}

func itoa(n int) string {
	if n == 0 {
		return "0"
	}
	var b [20]byte
	i := len(b)
	for n > 0 {
		i--
		b[i] = byte('0' + n%10)
		n /= 10
	}
	return string(b[i:])
}

// ---- sandbox 集成（需 bwrap；缺席即跳过）----

func requireBwrap(t *testing.T) {
	t.Helper()
	if _, err := exec.LookPath("bwrap"); err != nil {
		t.Skip("bwrap not available; sandbox integration replayed on capable hosts")
	}
}

// sandboxRun 经 sandbox 后端执行一段 bash 脚本，返回合并输出与退出描述。
func sandboxRun(t *testing.T, script string, timeout time.Duration) (string, string) {
	t.Helper()
	dir := t.TempDir()
	p := filepath.Join(dir, "s.sh")
	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(script), 0o600); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
	defer cancel()
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	spec := ExecSpec{
		Bin: "/bin/bash", Args: []string{p}, Dir: dir,
		Env: []string{"PATH=/usr/bin:/bin", "HOME=/home/agent"},
	}
	proc, err := sandboxBackend{}.Start(ctx, spec, &buf)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("start: %v", err)
	}
	werr := proc.Wait()
	out := buf.String()
	state := "exit=0"
	if werr != nil {
		if ee, ok := werr.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
			state = "exit=" + itoa(ee.ExitCode())
		} else {
			state = "err:" + werr.Error()
		}
	}
	if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
		state = "exit=timeout"
	}
	return out, state
}

func TestSandboxHomeHidden(t *testing.T) {
	requireBwrap(t)
	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
	if err != nil || home == "" || !strings.HasPrefix(home, "/home/") {
		t.Skipf("home %q not under /home; fixture would not be shadowed", home)
	}
	secret := filepath.Join(home, ".agent-ext16-marker")
	if err := os.WriteFile(secret, []byte("topsecret"), 0o600); err != nil {
		t.Skipf("cannot create home fixture: %v", err)
	}
	defer os.Remove(secret)
	out, state := sandboxRun(t, "cat \"$HOME/.agent-ext16-marker\" 2>err.txt; cat err.txt; exit 7", 30*time.Second)
	if strings.Contains(out, "topsecret") {
		t.Fatalf("sandbox read real home secret (state=%s out=%q)", state, out)
	}
	if state == "exit=0" || state == "exit=7" && strings.Contains(out, "topsecret") {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected success: state=%s out=%q", state, out)
	}
}

func TestSandboxSiblingSessionUnreadable(t *testing.T) {
	requireBwrap(t)
	base := t.TempDir()
	a, b := filepath.Join(base, "session-a"), filepath.Join(base, "session-b")
	if err := os.MkdirAll(a, 0o755); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if err := os.MkdirAll(b, 0o755); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	marker := filepath.Join(b, "other-session.txt")
	if err := os.WriteFile(marker, []byte("others-data"), 0o600); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	spec := ExecSpec{
		Bin: "/bin/bash", Args: []string{"-c", "cat '" + marker + "'"}, Dir: a,
		Env: []string{"PATH=/usr/bin:/bin", "HOME=/home/agent"},
	}
	proc, err := sandboxBackend{}.Start(ctx, spec, &buf)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	werr := proc.Wait()
	if werr == nil || buf.String() == "others-data" {
		t.Fatalf("sibling session readable inside sandbox: wait=%v out=%q", werr, buf.String())
	}
}

func TestSandboxNoNetwork(t *testing.T) {
	requireBwrap(t)
	out, state := sandboxRun(t,
		"timeout 5 bash -c 'echo > /dev/tcp/1.1.1.1/80' 2>/dev/null && echo NET-OPEN || echo NET-BLOCKED",
		30*time.Second)
	if strings.Contains(out, "NET-OPEN") {
		t.Fatalf("network reachable in sandbox (state=%s)", state)
	}
	if !strings.Contains(out, "NET-BLOCKED") {
		t.Fatalf("probe did not run: state=%s out=%q", state, out)
	}
}

func TestSandboxForkBombContained(t *testing.T) {
	requireBwrap(t)
	// 确定性进程数压测（替代经典 :(){ :|:& };:——其在沙箱 user namespace 内
	// 递归行为依 bash 实现而变，不适合做门禁）：400 个并发 sleep 撞 ulimit -u
	// 256 的墙，fork: retry 即限额生效的直接证据。
	start := time.Now()
	out, state := sandboxRun(t,
		"n=0; for i in $(seq 1 400); do sleep 5 & n=$((n+1)); done; echo spawned=$n; wait",
		20*time.Second)
	elapsed := time.Since(start)
	if elapsed > 40*time.Second {
		t.Fatalf("spawn storm stalled the runner: %s", elapsed)
	}
	if !strings.Contains(out, "fork: retry") {
		t.Fatalf("process limit not enforced (state=%s out=%.200q)", state, out)
	}
	if state == "exit=0" && strings.Contains(out, "spawned=400") {
		t.Fatalf("400 processes spawned unbounded: %q", out)
	}
}

func TestSandboxOrphansDieWithNamespace(t *testing.T) {
	requireBwrap(t)
	out, state := sandboxRun(t, ":(){ :|:& };:; echo gone", 30*time.Second)
	if state != "exit=0" || !strings.Contains(out, "gone") {
		t.Fatalf("state=%s out=%q", state, out)
	}
	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond) // 给孤儿进程留存活窗口
	hb, err := exec.Command("bash", "-c", "ps -eo args | grep -c '[s]\\.sh' || true").Output()
	if err != nil {
		t.Skipf("host ps probe failed: %v", err)
	}
	if strings.TrimSpace(string(hb)) != "0" {
		t.Fatalf("orphaned bomb survived outside the namespace: %s", hb)
	}
}

func TestSandboxTimeoutKills(t *testing.T) {
	requireBwrap(t)
	start := time.Now()
	_, state := sandboxRun(t, "sleep 60", 3*time.Second)
	if d := time.Since(start); d > 20*time.Second {
		t.Fatalf("timeout did not kill the sandbox: %s", d)
	}
	if state != "exit=timeout" {
		t.Fatalf("state = %s, want exit=timeout", state)
	}
}

func TestSandboxSessionWriteVisible(t *testing.T) {
	requireBwrap(t)
	dir := t.TempDir()
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	script := filepath.Join(dir, "w.sh")
	if err := os.WriteFile(script, []byte("printf 'docx-ish' > \"$(dirname \"$0\")/out.txt\"\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	spec := ExecSpec{
		Bin: "/bin/bash", Args: []string{script}, Dir: dir,
		Env: []string{"PATH=/usr/bin:/bin", "HOME=/home/agent"},
	}
	proc, err := sandboxBackend{}.Start(ctx, spec, &buf)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if err := proc.Wait(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("sandbox task failed: %v out=%q", err, buf.String())
	}
	got, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "out.txt"))
	if err != nil || string(got) != "docx-ish" {
		t.Fatalf("product not visible on host: %v %q", err, got)
	}
}

// direct 档回归：后端抽象后 runInterpreter 语义不变（退出码/超时文本口径）。
func TestDirectBackendRunInterpreterUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
	if _, err := exec.LookPath("bash"); err != nil {
		t.Skip("bash missing")
	}
	dir := t.TempDir()
	p := filepath.Join(dir, "x.sh")
	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte("echo hi; exit 7\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	got, err := runInterpreter(context.Background(), "bash", p, dir, 30, nil)
	if err != nil || !strings.HasPrefix(got, "exit=7\n") || !strings.Contains(got, "hi") {
		t.Fatalf("direct regression: err=%v got=%q", err, got)
	}
	p2 := filepath.Join(dir, "t.sh")
	if err := os.WriteFile(p2, []byte("sleep 60\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	got, err = runInterpreter(context.Background(), "bash", p2, dir, 2, nil)
	if err != nil || !strings.HasPrefix(got, "exit=timeout(2s)") {
		t.Fatalf("direct timeout regression: err=%v got=%q", err, got)
	}
}